Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Respect and Sympathy in Macbeths Soliloquies Essay

Respect and Sympathy in Macbeths Soliloquies Works Cited Missing Macbeth is a complex story of a great and popular king, named Duncan, who is murdered brutally by a horrid, vicious Tyrant called Macbeth, who was considered one of Duncans closest and most loyal friends. This tyrant brings havoc and devastation to the once almighty land of Scotland. Macbeth is an intricate character and has many different personality changes throughout the play. Shakespeare created Macbeth as a character who would capture our imaginations, and intrigue us as†¦show more content†¦From this point on, we start to wonder about Macbeths integrity. Ian PerrellBy the time of Macbeths first soliloquy we have witnessed Shakespeare change Macbeth from a loyal soldier, to contemplating the murder of his King. Macbeths first soliloquy is basically his inner dialogue where he is deciding whether or not to murder Duncan. Shakespeare has Macbeth talking about the murder in great detail, but has him talking about it in brutal language (euphemisms): horrid deed, it, tis, this blow, bear the knife, his taking off and assassination. This may have been Shakespeares way of trying to get across to the audience, that Macbeth was scared to murder Duncan, and wouldnt even speak of it openly. In a vague way this wins some sympathy for Macbeth as it gives an image to the audience of an extremely confused man. Also the fact that in every soliloquy Macbeth is talking to himself, which gives the impression of insanity, as he is debating with himself whether or not to kill Duncan. The people of the early 17th Century would have noticed this certainly whilst watching the live performances at such great venues as Hampton Court where it was firstShow MoreRelatedHow Does Shakespeare Retain a Degree of Sympathy for Macbeth833 Words   |  4 PagesHow does Shakespeare retain a degree of sympathy for Macbeth through to the end of the play? â€Å"Not in the legions Of horrid hell can come a devil more damn’d In Evils to top Macbeth† If a play is to function as a tragedy, we, the audience, should feel a certain degree of sympathy for the protagonist through to the close of the play. In my opinion, however, Shakespeare fails to retain this in his timeless classic, â€Å"The Tragedy of Macbeth†. From the start of the play it is clear that MacbethRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pagesis a more paradoxical character than is initially thought, by associating him from the start with evil and treachery. The dichotomy of Macbeth’s nature is introduced before he even appears on stage as the audience sees three witches: creatures of evil, first take his name upon their lips, which then contradicts the praise cried of his courage in battle. Macbeth’s first words on stage also echo the chant of the witches: â€Å"so foul and fair a day I have not seen†, which indicate the paradox within himRead MoreHis Moorships Ancient: Iago as the Protagonist of Othello1658 Words   |  7 Pagesabusive father, and Macbeth is a murderous traitor to his king and country. These unfavorable and evil attributes serve Shakespeares main characters by presenting them as realistically written men, and there always seems a degree, however small, of sympathy associated with their respective downfalls and tragedies. Othello, however, is an anomaly. While he is flawed by his paranoia and pride, Othello is only unstable and destructive after intricate deception. Indeed, he seems maddeningly perfect toRead MoreMacbeth - a Tragic Hero2214 Words   |  9 Pagesfrom a well-respected hero to a cowardless murderer. It is through Shakespeares manipulation of figurative language, dramatic conventions and social expectations of the seventeenth century, do the audience witness the demise of this mixed up man. Macbeths persona of the tragic hero is enhanced even more when the characters around him influence his decisions, creating mayhem inside his mind and disorder throughout Scotland. Shakespeare positions his audience to respond to the central theme: the struggleRead MoreComparing The Novel Out, Out And Disabled 2015 Words   |  9 PagesCompare the ways in which the writers create sympathy in ‘Out, Out -’and ‘Disabled’ In the poems, Robert Frost and Wilfred Owen both create sympathy for the characters through different ways. In ‘Disabled’, Owen paints a vivid, moving picture of a soldier who has been injured in World War One and lost his legs and an arm. Wilfred Owen himself took part in the war, consequently witnessing first hand many young men whose lives were similarly destroyed. In the poem, ‘Out, Out’, Robert Frost shows theRead MoreSympathy for Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1833 Words   |  8 PagesSympathy for Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth The sympathy that we have for Macbeth changes greatly as the play progresses. This is due mainly to the role that the other characters, mainly Lady Macbeth, play in influencing his thoughts and decisions. In some cases he seems powerless to stop a chain of events, like the witches prophecies, and at other times just to weak to resist the evil temptations. In this essay I will determine how and why our sympathy forRead MoreAnalysis Of Poems By Robert Frost And Wilfred Owen1984 Words   |  8 PagesWilfred Owen both create sympathy for the characters through different ways. In ‘Disabled’, Owen paints a vivid, moving picture of a soldier who has been injured in World War One and lost his legs and an arm. Wilfred Owen himself took part in the war, consequently witnessing first hand many young men whose lives were similarly destroyed. In the poem, ‘Out, Out’, Robert Frost shows the fragility of life in two ways. Firstly alluding to Shakespeare’s metaphor in ‘Macbeth’s soliloquy’ - ‘Out, out, briefRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Gain Audience Sympathy for Macbeth3757 Words   |  16 PagesHow does Shakespeare gain audience sympathy for Macbeth? In late 1905, Shakespeare’s Macbeth was performed for the first time in Hampton Court. At the time, King James I was in power, and it is widely believed that Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in order to flatter him, as the previous year The Gunpowder Plot had shown an attempt on his life. In the play, King Duncan gets murdered, which would have been quite disturbing for King James I to watch. By the end of the play however, King James I would haveRead MoreIs Macbeth Really Blame For Duncan s Murder?1743 Words   |  7 Pagesmanipulative and very intelligent from the quotation â€Å"Thy letters have transported me beyond this ignorant present, and I feel now the future in the instant† which shows us that she has already begun planning for the future. Her lack of scepticism in Macbeth’s letter telling her of the prophecies by the weird sisters despite knowing that the outside the chain of being are evil and dangerous and could lead her astray by lying, implies that she i s eager for the prophecies to come true and is an exponentRead More Macbeth Essay3374 Words   |  14 Pagesmind such as insanity, sleep walking and hallucinations demonstrate his moral and emotional decline. We are given insight into their feelings of agitation, anxiety, fear, determination and regret which minimises the horror of the murder. Macbeth’s soliloquies voice his inner thoughts, making him an object of pity as well as a fascinating portrait of evil. A psychological change takes place as we witness the valiant general become a ruthless murderer. Although conscious of this evil transformation

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Teacher Action Research Paper on Reading Deficiencies in...

NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY MATL Action Research Project VERIFICATION COVER SHEET MATL Student Name and NSU ID ARP School Site Where Project was Implemented: ___________________ Elementary School Dates of Implementation: AUGUST 2008 – JANUARY 2009 School Site Address and Phone: ARP One-sentence Problem Statement: By incorporating cooperative learning, guided reading and Reader’s Theatre, this research educator improved nineteen second grade at risk students reading comprehension levels by increasing their Oral Reading Fluency levels by 30% after ten weeks of implemented activity. (to be completed by the verifier) To the verifier: Please write a very brief overview statement (three to five sentences) acknowledging that this project†¦show more content†¦Evidence was collected and documented through the use of a student survey, a parent survey, a teacher survey, and running records. The purpose of the student survey was to gain insight on the students’ perceptions of the importance of reading and how well they understood what they read. The purpose of the parent survey was to gain insight on the parents’ perceptions of their family’s reading habits at home The purpose of the teacher survey was to gain insight regarding other teachers’ perceptions of reading comprehension, problems they encountered, and solutions they implemented in their classrooms. The purpose of the running records was to find each student’s instructional reading level so that comprehension activities could be implemented for every student with a text that could be easily read by the m. Over one fourth of the students were reading and comprehending below grade level. The students were given the survey to complete. The results were analyzed. With the teacher assessment tools, students were placed in learning groups based on the results and interventions were assigned to the individual students. Once the interventions were completed the assessment tools were re-administered to track the effectiveness of the intervention strategies. The teacher researcher chose three interventions to implement. Cooperative learning, guided reading, and reader’s theater are all ways that students can work together to better comprehend what they are reading. CooperativeShow MoreRelatedHigh Stakes Testing And The Education System1529 Words   |  7 PagesHigh-stakes testing are used to determine grade retention, school curriculum, and whether or not students will receive a high school diploma (Myers, 2015). Since the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001, high stakes testing has become the norm and mandating that students must pass a standardized test before moving up in grade. As a special education director, the focus is to ensure the student’s accommodations are being followed. Accommodations help increase students’ academic performance. â€Å"Both the IndividualsRead MoreFactors Affecting English Achievement of First Year Students of Compra National High School8674 Words   |  35 Pagesread and write and the high schools are turning out graduates who could hardly speak English and are not ready for college work. A continuous down trend in the quality of education and academic achievement of the students in all levels, especially the secondary school students has been keenly observed in recent years. Many studies showed that the secondary graduates failed to come up to what they were expected to accomplish within their 4-years of schooling. Many sectors are alarmed by the lowRead MoreStatus and Prospects of Science and Mathematics Education in the Philippines4522 Words   |  19 PagesINTRODUCTION Science and Mathematics, two core subjects’ students must learn as foundation for the whole learning experience they’re going to have for almost a quarter of their life. Since education came into our country in the 1500s, Science and Mathematics (SM) has gone a long way. And for the past several years, pupils of our country in a DepEd statement clarified that science had not been taught separately in Grades 1 and 2 since the 1980s, and that rudimentary science concepts were embeddedRead MoreCheating on Exams7796 Words   |  32 Pagesexpressed her concern on the alarming rate as more than two thirds of high school students admitted cheating on an exam last year. The same trend was documented in Belarusia, Venezuela, Thailand and Colombia. Cheating is not done only by academically poor students. According to Baerthlein (2008) even more appalling often the best students cheat to get to the top of their class and they dont think it is wrong. Students say cheating is not a big deal; everybody is doing it, she said. Of course itRead MoreReaction Paper in Hbo8197 Words   |  33 PagesFLORES, JAKE ICARO, GEMMA PEREZ, WILLIAM Master in Business Administration Administrative Processes and HBO Reaction Paper I. ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEM AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR Reaction by: William Perez Summary Synopsis / Analysis Evaluation The first group discussed the Organizational system and human behaviour. They informed us that human behaviour is complex and every individual is different from one another. Likewise, the reporter discussed that human being is like other organism that areRead MoreMethod of Teaching and Learning18614 Words   |  75 Pages Imperial College London This paper was first written in 2003 as part of a project led by the London Deanery to provide a web-based learning resource to support the educational development of clinical teachers. It was revised by Judy McKimm in 2007 with the introduction of the Deanery’s new web-based learning package for clinical teachers. Each of the papers provides a summary and background reading on a core topic in clinical education. Aims The aims of this paper are to: †¢ Provide ideas of howRead MoreThe Educator in a Pastoral Role4237 Words   |  17 PagesNumber: 320619 You as a pastoral educator are therefore concerned about James’s wellbeing and decide to assist him. Provide your plan of action using the following as guidelines: SECTION 1: BACKGROUND James is a Grade 9 learner at a secondary school where a strong Western culture existed before the school had to accommodate a diversity of cultures (White Paper on Education and Training 1995). Previously this was a school for English speaking learners with more or less similar backgrounds, culturesRead MoreDeveloping Effective Research Proposals49428 Words   |  198 Pagespublication date: lcc: ddc: subject: Developing Effective Research Proposals Essential Resources for Social Research Punch, Keith. Sage Publications, Inc. 0761963553 9780761963554 9780585386072 English Social sciences--Research--Methodology, Proposal writing in the social sciences. 2000 H62.P92 2000eb 300/.72 Social sciences--Research--Methodology, Proposal writing in the social sciences. cover next page Page i Developing Effective Research Proposals previous page page_i next pageRead MoreDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 PagesPresident of NTU Apex Club (premier club for computer programming enthusiasts); spearheaded initiative to extend training from top programmers to entire student population ï‚ · Represented NTU as an exchange student at University of Strathclyde, UK; GPA: 4.0 EXPERIENCE 2007-2009 Credit Lyonnais Securities Asia (CLSA/Calyon) Singapore Equity Research Associate (Oil Gas) ï‚ · Led a project across seven countries to create a unified platform for investment idea generation using comparative valuations ofRead More THE IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN IMPROVING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES65118 Words   |  261 PagesMANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN IMPROVING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES LEE, SHIUAN,EN,CHRIS How to cite: THE IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN IMPROVING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at LEE, SHIUAN,EN,CHRIS (2009) Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/242/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot

Monday, December 9, 2019

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Height Bar Test free essay sample

OR Master’s Degree from a recognized university in any subject other than Hindi and English with Hindi and English as compulsory or elective subjects or either of the two as the medium of examination and the other as a compulsory or elective subject at the degree level. OR Master’s Degree from a recognized university in any subject other than Hindi and English with Hindi or English as the medium of examination and English or Hindi as a compulsory or elective subjects or as medium of examination at the degree level. OR Bachelor’s Degree from a recognized University with Hindi and English as compulsory or elective subjects or either of the two as the medium of examination and the other as compulsory or elective subject plus a recognized Diploma or Certificate course in Translation from Hindi to English and vice versa or two years experience of translation work from Hindi to English and vice versa in Central or State Government Department including Government of India Undertakings and working knowledge of computer application or equivalent. We will write a custom essay sample on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Height Bar Test or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Head Constable 18 to 25 i) Matriculation or equivalent from a recognized board. (Dresser Veterinary) years ii) Must have passed Veterinary Stock Assistant Course (For male only) from a recognized Institution. Constable (Animal 18 to 25 Matriculation or equivalent from a recognized Board Transport) years (For male only) Sub Inspector 20 to 25 Matriculation or equivalent with a Diploma in Civil (Overseer) years Engineering from an Institute recognized by the Central (For male only) Government. Note:i) The upper age limit is relaxable for SC, ST, OBC, Ex-Servicemen and other categories of persons in accordance with the Governments orders on the subject. ii) Candidates should note that only the Date of Birth as recorded in the Matriculation certificate available on the date of submission of application will be accepted for determining the age and no subsequent request for its change will be considered or granted. B) Candidates belonging to OBC category, the creamy layer status should have been obtained within three years before the closing date i. e. 22/04/2013. The OBC certificate in prescribed format issued after 22/04/2013 but before the date of medical examination of the candidate is also accepted as valid proof of belonging to OBC category. C) Candidates who wish to be considered against vacancies reserved or seek age relaxation must submit requisite certificate from the competent authority, in the prescribed format when such certificates are sought by the Recruitment Board. Otherwise, their claim for SC/ST/OBC status will not be entertained and their candidature/applications will be considered under General (UR) category. The format of the certificates are annexed. Certificates obtained in any other format will not be accepted. D) Age relaxation available to different category of eligible candidates, for claiming Age Relaxation are as under: SN Category 1 2 3 SC/ST OBC Ex-Servicemen (Unreserved/ General) Age- Relaxation permissible beyond the upper age limit 5 years 3 years 3 years after deduction of the military service rendered from the actual age. 6 years (3 years + 3 years) after deduction of the military service rendered from the actual age. 4 Explanation: An Ex-Serviceman means a person who has served in any rank whether as a combatant or non-combatant in the Regular Army, Navy, Air Force of the Indian Union, and i) Who retired from such service after earning his/her pension. This would also include persons who are retired/retire at their own request but after having earned their pension; or ii) who has been released from such service on medical grounds attributable to military service/circumstances beyond his control and awarded medical or other disability pension; or iii) who has been released, otherwise than on his own request from such service as a result of reduction in establishment. 5 Ex-Servicemen (SC/ST) 6 7. Extended list may also be prepared to cover the shortfall due to failure of candidates in DME. However, there shall be no reserve list. of The original documents of candidates will be checked by the board. Original documents will be returned on the spot after verification and photocopies will be retained with the application form. The Candidates, who qualify in documentation will go through an Interview to check personal bearing, response, aptitude, general level of intelligence etc. At the very beginning, candidates will be asked to go through the height bar test. The candidates not meeting the prescribed height will be eliminated. The candidates, who qualify the Height Bar Test will be subjected to 5 KM race to be completed within 24 minutes to qualify for further tests. No marks will be awarded for race and it will be only qualifying in nature. Candidates who qualify in race will be screened for Test height, chest and weight measurements by the Board. The candidates who qualify the written examination will be put through a trade/practical test of respective trade. Race Physical Standard (PST) Trade Test (50 marks) 11 OMR based The candidates qualified in Trade/Practical Test will be Written required to pass the Written Examination: Examination (Max. Time – 1 hour) (50 marks) General English 10 questions 10 Marks General Hindi 10 questions 10 Marks General Awareness 10 questions 10 Marks (Bilingual) Quantitative aptitude 10 questions 10 Marks test (Bilingual) Simple Reasoning 10 questions 10 Marks (Bilingual) Total 50 Marks Merit list Merit lists in each category namely, Gen, SC, ST, OBC and Ex-servicemen will be drawn on the basis of total marks obtained by the candidates in the trade/practical and written examination. While calculating combined marks, the marks obtained by a candidate in the written test will be given 80% weightage and the marks obtained in the Trade Test will be given 20% weightage and on the basis of the same, merit list will be prepared according to the total marks scored. The candidates shall be short listed for detailed Medical Examination (DME) as per the category-wise vacancies on the basis of this merit. Extended list may also be prepared to cover the shortfall due to failure of candidates in DME. However, there shall be no reserve list. Checking of The original documents of candidates will be checked documents by the board. Original documents will be returned on the spot after verification and photocopies will be retained with the application form. Interview The Candidates, who qualify in documentation will go (No marks) through an Interview to check personal bearing, response, aptitude, general level of intelligence etc. Head Checking of The candidate will be required to produce the original Constable/ documents documents related to his Educational and professional Constable Qualification, Date of Birth etc. Motor Physical The candidates who are found eligible in documentation Mechanic) Standard Test will be screened first for Height, Chest and Weight Constable (PST) measurements. (Driver) Race The candidates, who qualify the Physical Standard Test (PST) will be subjected to one mile race to be completed within six and half minutes to qualify for further tests. No marks will be awarded for race and it will be only qualifying in nature. OMR Based The exam will consist of bilingual OMR based written Written Test test. Only those candidates who obtain the minimum (50 marks) qualifying standard in written test will be eligible for further tests. Trade Test The candidates who qualify the written examination will (50 marks) be put through a trade/practical test of respective trade. 5 12 Note: i) Those who do not qualify any stage will get eliminated from the process there only and will not be allowed to appear in further tests. ii) No Race Test will be held for Ex-servicemen. However, ex-servicemen will be required to pass the requisite PST, written test, trade test and medical examination as applicable. ii) Qualifying marks in written trade test shall be 35% for General Candidates ExServicemen and 33% for Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribes/Other Backward class in the written as well trade/practical test. a) Merit List: Merit lists for each post/cadre in each category namely, Gen, SC, ST, OBC and Ex-servicemen will be drawn on the basis of total marks obtained by the candidates in the Written/Trade t est and Interview as applicable. The candidates shall be short listed for detailed Medical Examination (DME) as per the category-wise vacancies on the basis of this merit.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

My Idiolect free essay sample

Explore how and why your own language varies in different contexts and consider how others react to your speech. During the 14 years of my life, I have learnt to adjust and familiarise my dialect to suit diverse situations through the impact of media, family, music and social networking. Moreover, I have come to pay special attention to the context of where someone is talking and the mode of how they are communicating. I have also gained the awareness of how others respond to features of my idiolect and what to anticipate of them if I alter it. One aspect that stands out to be the utmost dominant in the means of varying my idiolect is social networking. Abbreviations like â€Å"LOL† and â€Å"ROFL† appear to be making their way into everyday teenager dialects around the world including mine. I have noticed that I currently use â€Å"LOL† often to let others recognise when I find something humorous. We will write a custom essay sample on My Idiolect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What I perceive from this is that I only use this abbreviation around my friends primarily because of the formal and informal parting of my idiolect between my friends and people like my teachers and parents. I think I do this because I consider using informal words with an audience I’m generally formal with, strange and unfamiliar. I also believe I do this because I expect an audience of that kind to object to it since teenage slang is most frequently thought as discourteous and lethargic. Music also impacts my idiolect as I am so exposed to it that it has come to be typical for me to pick up a few words and slang from certain lyrics. One example of how music has influenced me is a simple conversation between me and my sister in which she said: â€Å"You lost my earrings didn’t you? and I answered with â€Å"Oh whatever, YOLO! † The origin of this acronym came from the Canadian rapper, Drake’s bonus track from his album ‘Take care’. It has since been popularized all over the world and people have now started using this term to define when someone is about to do something idiotic. I used this word because I knew my sister would be acquainted with it since the majority of teenagers have basic understanding of slang and abbreviations being used at the moment. I regularly speak to my mother in a more official and basic way thus the variation in spoken language between my sister and my mother is due to me wanting to adapt to the way my friends and the younger generation of my family use the aspects of music to express their feelings. I also used â€Å"YOLO† to strengthen the connection between me and my sister so that she would know that we have a lot of things in common in terms of understanding general teenage knowledge. I do not use slang when conversing with my parents because I know that they will criticize this way of communicating as most parents believe slang makes teenagers sound unintelligent and incompetent including mine. My parents think I should use try to use Standard English in everyday life as practice for when I do specific English exams. They also consider that media in terms of TV shows and the dialectal manner of celebrities have triggered an adverse effect on people my age because they believe that the poor grammar of people from this region is promoted to sound cool and trendy. My parents have confidence in the idea that my vocal language has been substituted with words like â€Å"Totes† and â€Å"amazeballs†. Nevertheless when I indicate to them that I have adapted to using proper and apparently ‘posh’ words from classical books, my parents react positively and praise the use of my language. This goes to show that certain factors have certain outcomes to the way a person speaks and how a person responds to this.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Introduction, Timeline and Advances of Ancient Mesopotamia

Introduction, Timeline and Advances of Ancient Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is an ancient civilization that took up pretty much everything that today is modern Iraq and Syria, a triangular patch wedged between the Tigris River, the Zagros Mountains, and the Lesser Zab River. Mesopotamia is considered the first urban civilization, that is to say, it was the first society which has provided evidence of people deliberately living in close proximity to one another, with attendant social and economic structures to allow that to occur peaceably. Generally, people speak of north and south Mesopotamia, most prominently during the Sumer (south) and Akkad (north) periods between about 3000-2000 BC. However, the histories of the north and south dating back to the sixth millennium BC are divergent; and later the Assyrian kings did their best to unite the two halves. Mesopotamian Chronology Dates after ca 1500 BC are generally agreed upon; important sites are listed in parentheses after each period. Ubaid Period [6500-4000 BC (Telloh, Ur, Ubaid, Oueili, Eridu, Tepe Gawra, H3 As-Sabiyah) Uruk Period [4000-3000 BC]  (Brak, Hamoukar, Girsu/Telloh, Umma, Lagash, Eridu, Ur, Hacinebi Tepe, Chogha Mish)Jemdet Nasr [3200-3000 BC] (Uruk)Early Dynastic Period [3000-2350 BC] (Kish, Uruk, Ur, Lagash, Asmar, Mari, Umma, Al-Rawda)Akkadian [2350-2200 BC] (Agade, Sumer, Lagash, Uruk, Titris Hoyuk)Neo-Sumerian [2100-2000 BC] (Ur, Elam, Tappeh Sialk)Old Babylonian and Old Assyrian Periods [2000-1600 BC] (Mari, Ebla Babylon, Isin, Larsa, Asssur)Middle Assyrian [1600-1000 BC] (Babylon, Ctesiphon)Neo-Assyrian [1000-605 BC] (Nineveh)Neo-Babylonian [625-539 BC] (Babylon) Mesopotamian Advances Mesopotamia was first home to villages in the Neolithic period of around 6,000 BC. Permanent mudbrick residential structures were being constructed before the Ubaid period at southern sites such as Tell el-Oueili, as well as Ur, Eridu, Telloh, and Ubaid. At Tell Brak in northern Mesopotamia, architecture began appearing at least as early as 4400 BC. Temples were also in evidence by the sixth millennium, in particular at Eridu. The first urban settlements have been identified at Uruk, about 3900 BC, along with mass-produced wheel-thrown pottery, the introduction of writing, and cylinder seals.Tell Brak became a 130-hectare metropolis by 3500 BC; and by 3100 Uruk covered nearly 250 hectares. . Assyrian records written in cuneiform have been found and deciphered, allowing us much more information about the political and economic pieces of latter Mesopotamian society. In the north part was the kingdom of Assyria; to the south was the Sumerians and Akkadian in the alluvial plain between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Mesopotamia continued as a definable civilization right through the fall of Babylon (about 1595 BC). Of most concern today are the ongoing issues associated with the continuing war in Iraq, which has gravely damaged much of the archaeological sites and allowed looting to occur, as described in a recent article by archaeologist Zainab Bahrani. Mesopotamian Sites Important Mesopotamian sites include: Tell el-Ubaid, Uruk, Ur, Eridu, Tell Brak, Tell el-Oueili, Nineveh, Pasargardae, Babylon, Tepe Gawra, Telloh, Hacinebi Tepe, Khorsabad, Nimrud, H3, As Sabiyah, Failaka, Ugarit, Uluburun Sources Ãâ€"mà ¼r Harmansah at the Joukowsky Institute at Brown University is in the process of developing a course on Mesopotamia, which looks really useful. Bernbeck, Reinhard 1995 Lasting alliances and emerging competition: Economic developments in early Mesopotamia. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 14(1):1-25. Bertman, Stephen. 2004. Handbook to Life in Mesopotamia. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Brusasco, Paolo 2004 Theory and practice in the study of Mesopotamian domestic space.  Antiquity 78(299):142-157. De Ryck, I., A. Adriaens, and F. Adams 2005 An overview of Mesopotamian bronze metallurgy during the 3rd millennium BC. Journal of Cultural Heritage 6261–268. Jahjah, Munzer, Carlo Ulivieri, Antonio Invernizzi, and Roberto Parapetti 2007 Archaeological remote sensing application pre-postwar situation of Babylon archaeological site- Iraq. Acta Astronautica 61:121–130. Luby, Edward M. 1997 The Ur-Archaeologist: Leonard Woolley and the treasures of Mesopotamia. Biblical Archaeology Review 22(2):60-61. Rothman, Mitchell 2004 Studying the development of complex society: Mesopotamia in the late fifth and fourth millennia BC. Journal of Archaeological Research 12(1):75-119. Wright, Henry T. 2006 Early state dynamics as political experiment. Journal of Anthropological Research 62(3):305-319. Zainab Bahrani. 2004. Lawless in Mesopotamia. Natural History 113(2):44-49

Friday, November 22, 2019

Humorous Fathers Day Quotes

Humorous Fathers Day Quotes Looking for humorous quotes about fathers? Here are some funny Fathers Day quotes. These quotes reflect the subtle wit with a touch of sarcasm. Poke your dad with your own brand of humor. What fathers love most is a relaxed holiday in the company of their kids. Your father may seem broody on other days, but with a touch of tender love, watch your dad turn into a giant candy-dispensing, singing and laughing, happy old man. Humor is the best way to reach out. It can soothe hurt feelings, calm tempers, and build strong relationships. Share a joke with your dad and watch his lips curve into a sly smile. Tickle him further with more jokes, quips,  and quotes. Read him funny verses or funny Fathers Day sayings to bring out the chuckles. Once  the floodgates open, you will find a very different father beneath the veil of sobriety. Funny Fathers Day Quotes Red ButtonsNever raise your hand to your kids. It leaves your groin unprotected. Jimmy Piersal, on How to Diaper a BabySpread the diaper in the position of the diamond with you at bat. Then, fold second base down to home and set the baby on the pitchers mound. Put first base and third together, bring up home plate and pin the three together. Of course, in case of rain, you gotta call the game and start all over again. Ernest HemingwayTo be a successful father, theres one absolute rule: when you have a kid, dont look at it for the first two years. Phyllis McGinleyThe thing to remember about fathers is... theyre men. A girl has to keep it in mind: They are dragon-seekers, bent on improbable rescues. Scratch any father, you find someone chock-full of qualms and romantic terrors, believing change is a threat, like your first shoes with heels on, like your first bicycle... John AubreySir Walter, being strangely surprised and put out of his countenance at so great a table, gives his son a damned blow over the face. His son, as rude as he was, would not strike his father, but strikes over the face the gentleman that sat next to him and said, Box about: twill come to my father anon. James BaldwinIf the relationship of father to son could really be reduced to biology, the whole earth would blaze with the glory of fathers and sons. Helen HayesWhen Charles first saw our child Mary, he said all the proper things for a new father. He looked upon the poor little red thing and blurted, Shes more beautiful than the Brooklyn Bridge. Peter De VriesMy father hated radio and he could not wait for television to be invented so that he could hate that too. Robert OrbenLife was a lot simpler when what we honored was father and mother rather than all major credit cards.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Garden art through the ages Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Garden art through the ages - Article Example Art history has the major objective of determining the originality of various works of the art. Anciently, anything produced using a machine would not qualify as art but in the modern time the scope of the study has increased including the study of computer aided images. The history of art depends on the artifacts. There is an established way of generating a date when a given art was done based on a certain artifact that is available. The artwork was done a long time ago, but the artifact is a presentation of the evidence of the artistic activity that took place. There are certain questions of concern to the art historian, and the first question is the age of the art. The dates when the artwork was done can be established in a number of ways. The historian can use the physical evidence of the material that was used to decorate a particular artwork. For example, certain paints then he or she can easily guess the age of the artwork from the existing artifact that is based on a given fact that the given material that was used did not exist at a certain time anciently. Therefore, the historian can easily trace the age of the art by checking on the artifact that is existing. An earliest possible date and latest possible date for the use of certain material such as certain type of inks can be established by the historian. There are materials that are used by artists at the current time and those that were used in the olden times and therefore it becomes very easy for the historians to come up with a conclusive age of the artwork based on material used to construct the artifact. The historians also rely on documentary evidence. This is because it provided a hint of the date when a given article was written about a certain artwork that manifests in the form of physical artifact that exists. This means that if a historian wants to know the age of an artifact, he or she only looks for the historical books where the ancient artists

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

How can people be achieved between cultures Research Paper

How can people be achieved between cultures - Research Paper Example John Stuart mill and John Locke advocated for upholding human rights earlier than other scholars. Nevertheless, this does not necessarily mean that they were the one responsible in the formulation of human rights. The universality of human rights cuts across various cultures. Even though appreciation of the rights occurred in the Western world and as characterised in both the American and French revolution, the historical development of human rights is much older (Marek, 2010). In an attempt to understand the current global cultural politics, modern scholars draw insight from modernity. This view holds that modernity originated from the West in a Judaeo Christian setting. The interrelation between economic, scientific, philosophical and artistic revolutions led to an understanding of novel ways about people, the environment and political power. These thoughts did not lead to globalization, but through military skill and economic imperialism the Europeans contributed to modernity (Reus-Smit, 2011). There are many opinions on what constitutes human rights, the perceptions differ from an intellectual or political point of view. Additionally, the differences seem to originate from the historical evolution of human rights. Human rights originate from people with diverse backgrounds. Another view holds that human rights can be divided into; whether based on an individual’s status or status of group, the degree to which people are treated depending on success or acknowledgement, the importance of rights, obligation and thoughts on the interdependency between the two or the emphasis on economic and social rights vs. civil and political rights (Plantilla & Raj, 1997). The result of the cold war ushered in a period with many uncertainties. There was an end to the super power enmity and the North-South divide. Nevertheless, this period concurred with many world problems including unemployment, poverty,

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Music in Education Essay Example for Free

Music in Education Essay Music can affect the body in many health-promoting ways, which is the basis for a growing field known as music therapy. However, you can use music in your daily life and achieve many stress relief benefits on your own. One of the great benefits of music as a stress reliever is that it can be used while you conduct your regular activities so that it really doesn’t take time away from your busy schedule. Music provides a wonderful backdrop for your life so that you can find increased enjoyment from what you’re doing and also reduce stress from your day. Music still tells a story, we know just have many genres to satisfy the cultural and social tastes of our modern society. Hip Hop is a genre of music that has significantly grown the last couple of decades. Its increased popularity has brought it to the forefront of globalization. Technological advances have made it easy for Hip Hop to spread out globally. This occurrence of globalization is a key example that as our cultural borders are broken down by technology, our own cultural and social practices become fluid. Although there are many positive and negative comments about the globalization of Hip Hop, it is a reflection of the growing phenomenon occurring all over the world. Hip hop originated in the South Bronx of New York City in the 1970s. The term rap is often used synonymously with hip hop, but hip hop can also be described as an entire subculture (â€Å"Hip Hop†, 2004). The term Hip Hop is said to have come from a joke between Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, and their friends (â€Å"Hip Hop†, 2004). Although Hip Hop was created on American soil, its influences are global. It can be said that Hip Hop might be a result of ethnic globalization. Hip Hop has roots in African, Caribbean, and Latino culture (â€Å"Hip Hop Globalization and Youth Culture†, 2005). Spoken word, which is still popular today is also an influence in Hip Hop music and culture. Spoken word is a style of poetry spoken in a rhythmic fashion. Hip Hop ranges from rap music, to B-boy dance. It was a platform to empower ethnic youth without violence. Hip Hop in the beginning was essentially still an underground subculture. It was popular with many ethnic communities but it was not popular in the mainstream music industry. This all changed with the band Blondie and their song â€Å"Rapture†. â€Å"Rapture† is one of the first rap songs to reach the top of the charts in mainstream pop music. Although Blondie is a punk/rock band, they were the proper catalyst to give Hip Hop the mainstream attention it deserved. Hip Hop has changed since its birth in the 1970s. Hip Hop is now apart of the mainstream music scene. It is not uncommon to see artist from different genres collaborating with Hip Hop artists. It is also not uncommon to see Hip Hop music and culture in movies, television shows, and commercials. In the past you would only see people from ethnic communities wearing Hip Hop clothing, now all races including Asian, Caucasian, etc have accepted the Hip Hop style. The subject matter has also changed. In the past Hip Hop lyrics focused on political and societal frustrations, now Hip Hop lyrics steer more toward provocative content. Hip Hop subject matter consists mostly of the aspirations of wealth, sex, drug use, and criminal activity. During the beginning years the age of the Hip Hop listener was wide spread. It ranged from teens to even adults in their 50s. Although Hip Hop still has an adult audience, it is now more geared toward younger audiences. Younger listeners are more likely to purchase Hip Hop music and paraphernalia, than the older audience. Music has always been a great healer. In the Bible, we learn about how David played the harp to help ease his severe depression of King Saul. Music is a significant mood-changer and reliever of stress, working on many levels at once. Many experts suggest that it is the rhythm of the music or the beat that has the calming effect on us although we may not be very conscious about it. They point out that when we were a baby in our mothers womb, we probably were influenced by the heartbeat of our mother. We respond to the soothing music at later stages in life, perhaps associating it with the safe, relaxing, protective environment provided by our mother. They say that math is the universal language, and while that may be true, music has traits to it that even the casual listener should but may not always recognize as universal, literally and figuratively. Moreover, music is beneficial to the musicians and the listeners health and well-being. Music is everywhere, and it can be made and enjoyed by anyone, any animal, and any living thing, in its own way. The universe itself has a sense of rhythm, melody and music. Everyday speech has a lilt that can be called some kind of music. In nature, without the white noise of civilization in the background, the sounds of the trees, the water, and the air can all be called music. And animals, birds in particular, have their own sense of melody in the sounds that they make and use to communicate with each other. Music comes in so many various forms that it reflects, in a way, the diversity of the languages spoken and written on the planet. Whether it be classical music, pop, gospel music, country music or whatever pleases the ear, there will always be a kind of music for everyone, and it can come in any language. They say that learning and listening to music makes one smarter. As studies show, music makes the musician use his mind in a way that develops and maintains good mental health. Music is an art and a science; anyone who learns any bit of musical theory will know that music has a particular structure, while still allowing for creative freedom. Reading music and playing an instrument causes the musician to use both sides of his brain at once – the mathematical side, and the artistic side. Learning to understand a staff of music and the symbols written on it is akin to learning a scientific or mathematical formula. Applying the formula to the instrument at hand takes plenty of practise to do well, but once it is learned, it does not easily fade away. Developing and maintaining musicality, on the other hand, is partly talent and partly practise, much like other art forms like drawing, dancing and singing. Music is a great well for emotions. The same art form that puts babies to sleep can release anger and sadness, encourage joy, and sooth stress. To the Romantics, music was the purest of art forms because it connects directly with emotions (The New Penguin Book of Romantic Poetry, 47), during a time period that produced composers that are still well known today. David wrote many psalms while he watched sheep. And even though he was not always a favourite of King Saul, David’s playing would comfort the king (1 Samuel 16). Music brings people together. It is understood that before modern technology, live music was a natural form of entertainment, and people were considered accomplished when they learned to play instruments. Music can create a good atmosphere and encourage a good mood that relaxes people whether they are actively listening to it or not. That is part of the reason why it is ideal for parties, weddings, funerals, and other such gatherings. Music is universal. It is calming, gentling, entertaining, inspiring and healthy. It helps maintain good mental health and a balanced emotional state. It is a gift from God that anyone can learn, appreciate and enjoy. Hip Hop proves to be the voice of the people that may not be able to speak for themselves in conventional ways. Globalization has allowed many people who would not have the means to speak up, to be able to take center stage. Many believe that globalization will be the end of individuality and creativity.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

LRNA - Company Profile :: essays research papers

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Industry History & Current Overview Since the invention of the Ford’s Model T, the modern automobile industry has been manufacturing affordable automobiles for everyone in the U.S. The age of design of cars boomed as people started to demand more customization of their cars (Model T only came black). This began the shift from manufacturing-driven automobile to a more design-driven automobile. The Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) emerged in the 1990s based on the negative image of the minivan, which was developed throughout the 1980s on a bland and purely functional platform. In 1996, the Ford Motor Company began building the Expedition, its new, full-sized SUV in Michigan. The Expedition was essentially the F-150 pickup truck (the best selling pick-up truck) with an extra set of doors and two more rows of seats. Ford marketed the SUV at a ticket price of thirty-six thousand dollars. The average cost to build these trucks was no more than twenty-four thousand dollar, and in the automobile industry, this is a high-profit margin. By the late 1990s, the SUV market has become the most profitable in the automobile industry. The move toward a more aggressively styled and higher riding vehicles have caused unintended consequences and risks. The risks include decreased â€Å"drivability†, obstruction of vision, and concerns surrounding safety. Current trends in vehicle design focus on addressing these problems to achieve appealing designs with the best qualities of both cars and trucks, as seen in all the new designs from the Land Rover. 2004 will be remembered as a pivotal year in the automobile industry. It was a year in which high gasoline prices started a sea change among U.S. consumers that will finally create significant demand for fuel-efficient vehicles. Gasoline prices of $2.00+ per gallon started taking a huge bite out of family budgets, and many middle-class consumers who own fuel guzzling SUVs and pickup trucks began to wish they had vehicles that were much less expensive to operate. Demand for hybrid cars (ie. Toyota Prius) was so high that many customers had to wait six months or longer to get there car. Other carmakers, including Ford and GM, saw the opportunity and introduced their own brand of hybrid vehicles to market. Ford launched its first hybrid: a small SUV. Other fuel-efficient vehicles, such as BMW’s MINI Cooper, also enjoyed soaring demand. Meanwhile, sales of heavy SUVs lagged miserably, and automakers such as Chevy, Hummer and Cadillac offered unprecedented dealer incentives and rebates in an effort to move these vehicles, Land Rover Range Rover has increased due to efficient newly designed models as shown from the stats below.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Globalization itself Essay

Globalization is not value free; rather, the pressures to conform to universal standards of conduct and competitive performance force organizations and individuals to assimilate new values, which may be in conflict with local cultural values and practices. This requires the individuals, organizations, and nations to build the necessary mind-set, competencies, capabilities, and capacities to manage the transformations associated with globalization. Globalization is founded on competitiveness. To remain competitive, actors must â€Å"continue to innovate† (Anton, 1995). Innovations are based on advancements in science, technology, and commercialization. It is, therefore, logical to add to the center the institutional actors involved in promoting science, technology, and innovation. This includes universities, research laboratories, startups, entrepreneurs, knowledge workers, venture capitalists, management experts, consulting firms, stock markets, shareholders, and corporate directors. The United States currently leads the world in investing in science, technology, and innovations and remains the most dominant actor at the center. A key lesson we learn from these experts is that globalization can and must be managed. Since globalization affects all nations, governments, businesses, communities, and individuals, the best we can do is fight back or respond in kind in order to take advantage of its opportunities and to minimize its potential adverse consequences. This requires a â€Å"strategic approach to globalization† (Fischer, 2000). Nations, governments, businesses, institutions, communities, and individuals should not see themselves as helpless victims of globalization; rather, they should actively take the initiative to understand the nature of globalization, its causes, and its consequences on the ground; assess their own opportunities, strengths, and limitations; and develop realistic goals and a plan of action for managing globalization. It is not easy, and there are no guarantees or shortcuts, but the strategic approach is better than isolation or surrender. Doing it in partnership with others increases the chances of success and mitigates against some of the negative consequences. The management literature is rich with descriptive materials on how businesses can become globally strategic and competitive in the twenty-first century. (Hirst, 1999) Nations, government institutions, communities, and individuals can draw on this body of knowledge to develop their own tailor-made strategic directions and action plans for managing globalization. In its 1999 Human Development Report on globalization with a human face, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), one of the U. N. specialized agencies doing extensive work in developing countries, provides a framework and guidelines for managing globalization. Recognizing that globalization is characterized by new markets, new tools, new actors, and new rules, the report challenges governments and the international community to find rules and institutions for stronger governance at the local, national, regional, and global levels. Globalization is multidimensional and, therefore, means different things to different people across time and space. Globalization is about transformational change with intended and unintended adverse effects. Since its dynamics and consequences are not fully predictable, some of its aspects may be emphasized or deemphasized at different times for different regions, countries, or societies. (Friedman, 2000) Yet, because the key drivers of globalization come from industrialized countries, individual developing countries have no realistic option but to participate in the globalization process. Many people are openly opposed to globalization: the concept, its practice, and its consequences. This is in spite of its actual and potential benefits to both rich and poor countries. This opposition, if left unchecked, threatens to push the world back to the dark days of protectionism and closed societies reminiscent of the Cold War. Many world leaders have, at one time or another, expressed doubt, apprehension, qualified support, or outright opposition to globalization and have questioned its moral justification. However, Globalization can be and in most cases has been, good for cultural diversity and development. By contributing to â€Å"liberalization, rising incomes, increased use of technology, better education, and global migration,† (Prakash & Hart, 1997) globalization helps to create multiple environments in support of cultural and interactive diversity. It allows people to experiment with alternative models of development, while at the same time borrowing ideas and practices from other cultures and institutions. It provides people with the opportunity to enjoy freedom for their own culture and, at the same time, be exposed to other cultures. It allows weaker and smaller cultures to coexist alongside the big and powerful cultures. It allows minor or provincial languages and remote cultures to connect with other cultures. As it presently exists in the world today, globalization is an asymmetrical and imperfect system. To be committed to globalization is to understand its lack of symmetry among the players and its inherent imperfections. Therefore, globalizing countries, governments, businesses, institutions, and communities must commit themselves to work toward its improvement. For developing countries, this means, among other things, not to promote globalization as a â€Å"panacea for all problems,† (Micklethwait, 2000) but to build the necessary institutional capacities and competencies for the defense and improvement of globalization for the greater benefit of all citizens. Resources Anton, D. J. 1995. Diversity, Globalization, and the Way of Nature. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1995. Fischer, T. C. 2000. The United States, the European Union, and â€Å"Globalization† of World Trade: Allies or Adversaries? Westport, CT: Quorum. Hirst, P. , and G. Thompson. 1999. Questioning Globalization: The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press. Friedman, T. L. 2000. The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization. New York: Anchor Books. Prakash, A. , and J. A. Hart. 1997. Globalization and Governance. London: Routledge. Micklethwait, J. , and A. Wooldridge. 2000. A Future Perfect: The Challenge and Hidden Promise of Globalization. New York: Random House.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Business: Luxury Good and Competitive Advantage Essay

5. What is Coach’s strategy to compete in the ladies handbag and leather accessories industry? Has the company’s competitive strategy yielded a sustainable competitive advantage? If so, has that advantage translated into superior financial and market performance? A business strategy refers to the means by which it sets out to achieve its desired objectives and goals. Coach’s competitive strategy deals exclusively with management’s game plan for competing successfully and securing a competitive advantage over rivals Michael Kors, Salvatore Ferragamo, Prada, Giorgio Armani, Dolce & Gabbana, and Versace. The different types of strategies used by these companies include, but are not limited to, low-cost provider strategies, differentiation strategies, focused low-cost and differentiation strategies, and best-cost provider strategies. Coach Inc. ’s strategy that created the accessible luxury market in ladies handbags made it among the best-known luxury brands in North America and Asia and had allowed its sales to grow at an annual rate of 20 percent between 2000 and 2011, reaching $4. 2 billion. The company’s strategy focuses on five key initiatives. First, Coach built a market share in North America by 15 new full- price retail stores and 25 factory outlets. They have built a market share in Japan through the addition of 15 new locations. Coach seeks to raise brand awareness and build share in underpenetrated markets, including Europe and South America, and Asia, with 30 new locations planned in the region. It also looks to increase sales of products targeted towards men by offering dual gender lines. Lastly, Coach raised brand awareness and built market share through coach. com, global e-commerce sites, and social networking initiatives. Coach Inc. implements various advertising strategies, marketing strategies, sourcing strategies, and differentiation strategies, etc. Coach’s strategy, which focused on matching key luxury rivals in quality and styling while beating them on price by 50 percent or more, yielded a competitive advantage in attracting middle-income consumers desiring the taste of luxury, but also affluent and wealthy consumers with the means to spend more money. Another distinctive element was its multichannel distribution model, which included indirect wholesale sales to third-party retailers but focused primarily on direct-to-consumer sales. Coach appears to be using the best-cost provider strategy because it gives customers more value for their money while satisfying buyer expectations on key quality features, performance and service attributes. For example Coach uses attractive pricing to enable it to appeal to consumers who would not normally consider luxury brands, while the quality and styling of its products were sufficient to satisfy luxury consumers. Coach has the ability to do this through its factory outlet stores and its prices are way below the price of its competitors. Coach also displays differentiation by offering distinctive, easily recognizable luxury products that are extremely well made and provide excellent value. Coach has a unique approach to its differentiation. Each quarter, major consumer research is undertaken to define product trends, selection, and consumer desires. Monthly product launches enhance the company’s voguish image and give consumers reason to make purchases. They also use frequent product introductions because consumers always want the newest items and fashions. Coach sought to make consumer service experience an additional differentiating factor. It has agreed to refurbish or replace damaged handbags, regardless of the age of the bag. Through the company’s Special Request, customers were allowed to order merchandise for home delivery. Overall Coach displays a great mix of low cost and differentiation. A sustainable competitive advantage refers to a long-term competitive advantage that is not easily duplicable or surpassable by the competitors. Coach’s competitive advantage has proven to yield a sustainable competitive advantage. When it comes to anticipating fashion trends, Coach has 1 / 3 proven to be successful. Each year Coach interviews its customers through Internet questionnaires, phone surveys, and face-to-face encounters with shoppers at its stores. Such intense market research has helped Coach executives spot trends well before its competitors. This in turn has helped it to extend the brand far beyond the leather bags that long were its trademark and into watches, accessories, cosmetic cases, key fobs, belts, electronic accessories, gloves, hats, scarves, business cases, luggage, eyewear, fragrance, and clothing. According to the case study and further research, sales have grown an average of 29% over each of the past three years, fueling a strong 63% averaged return on invested capital during the same period. Currently Coach is a leading American marketer of fine accessories and gifts for women and men. Its sustainable competitive advantage is a result of employee engagement, supply chain capabilities, environmental conservation, and community. Coach seeks to hire and train the best employees in a supportive and engaging environment. Coach collaborates with their raw material suppliers and manufacturing partners. Coach continues to improve the way it makes it products in order to protect the resources of the environment. Coach also supports the local communities in which they operate. Results show that Coach has increased its net sales from $3,230,468 to $4,158,507, its market share increased by nearly 6%, and its common stock price is $60, which is a result of superior financial and market performance. 6. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Coach Inc.? What competencies and capabilities does it have that its chief rivals don’t have? What new market opportunities does Coach have? What threats do you see to the company’s future well being? Coach has many strengths and weaknesses. Coach strengths include its wide range of accessories such as its handbags, watches, accessories, cosmetic cases, key fobs, belts, electronic accessories, gloves, hats, scarves, business cases, luggage, eyewear, fragrance, and clothing. It is the leading luxury leather goods company in the United States, with expansion in Japan, China, and Asia. Coach has developed a respected reputation by providing their customers with quality products and its 70+ years of being in business. They do a great job of advertising through press releases, catalogs, internet, and shopping centers. Coach has a larger range of pricing which attracts lower income consumers and wealthier consumers. They also allow their products to be sold at stores (department and full price stores) and online. Coach prides themselves on creating customer value. However, Coach also displays weaknesses as well. They have a limited selection for men and a poor inventory turnover rate. Coach has no direct announcements to the public about the promotion of new products. Their new products first sell at full price which keeps the lower income consumers away. This could lead to the problem of selling more at their outlet stores versus their full price stores. Currently Coach relies on the United States, Japan, and Canada for the majority of its sales by not fully expanding into other countries. A core competency refers to a defining capability or advantage that distinguishes an enterprise from its competitors. Coach believes that external coaching and leadership workshops are powerful tools in increasing a leader’s awareness and insight on their management approach, which leads to core competencies and capabilities. Coach has the skill and expertise to create unique and differentiated luxury items at a lower cost than its competitors. It also has valuable physical assets, human assets, organizational assets, intangible assets, and alliances and cooperative ventures. All of these resources and capabilities are valuable, rare, hard to copy, and non-substitutable. Some of the defining characteristics that distinguish Coach from its competitors include its wide selection of luxury items, its low cost strategy, store location (outlet and full price), advertising, online shopping, meeting customer desires, superior value and quality, its direct-to-consumer channels and indirect channels, 970 wholesale locations in the United States and Canada, specialty retailers in 18 countries, and its relationships with consumers (customer loyalty). Coach’s strategy, which focused on matching key luxury rivals in quality and styling while beating them on price by 50 percent or more, yielded a competitive advantage in attracting middle-income consumers desiring the taste of luxury, but also affluent and wealthy consumers with the means to spend more money. Another 2 / 3 distinctive element was its multichannel distribution model, which included indirect wholesale sales to third-party retailers but focused primarily on direct-to-consumer sales. Coach has many new opportunities in its market of luxury goods. It has a high potential for increased sales with new product lines. The promotion in other countries can bring awareness to the brand and company. Its pricing can attract more customers because of the lower priced items compared to its competitors. Its online option of purchasing will increase as technology increases. Coach also has the opportunity to increase the number of stores in North America, expand stores in other countries, and use its flexible dependency on suppliers. However, Coach also faces numerous threats. There is always the threat of rivalry, competition, and substitutes in the luxury market. One of the major threats is counterfeit products and the economic downturn in the United States. Young adults and teens often go through phases of fashion and may later chose a different brand other than Coach. Coach faces exchange rate risks if they enter new foreign markets. Lastly there is a threat of not having enough stores around the world which could hurt the consumer market. These threats could hurt the well-being of the company, but its strengths and opportunities seem to outweigh them for the time being.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles

3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles 3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles 3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"Thanks to technology, we can have independence, relative independence, from the harsh qualities of the real world on a day-to-day basis.† This sentence’s punctuation a series of three commas implies a flat progression of ideas without modulation. But the writer, after the fact, modifies the absolute word independence with the qualifying term relative, and should signal this slight case of backpedaling by marking the phrase â€Å"relative independence† as an interjection: â€Å"Thanks to technology, we can have independence relative independence from the harsh qualities of the real world on a day-to-day basis.† 2. â€Å"You, yes you, can say you were there for the advent of the Apple iPod.† The writer almost immediately interrupts the sentence to emphasize the importance of the reader’s qualification to make the claim. The interruption, however, is weak because it is accomplished with a pair of quotidian commas rather than two dashing dashes. Also, note that if the writer had correctly punctuated the parenthetical phrase (â€Å"yes, you†), the result would be a confusing sequence of three commas (â€Å"You, yes, you, can say . . .†), which would further diminish the impact of the interruption. The correct treatment is â€Å"You yes, you can say you were there for the advent of the Apple iPod.† (The third parenthetical option, to place â€Å"yes, you† in parentheses, is the equivalent of whispering the phrase, which is not the connotation the writer intends.) 3. â€Å"The potato, and for that matter ginger root, are not true roots, but underground stems.† This sentence is a more complicated variation of the one in the previous example complicated, because the interjection (â€Å"and for that matter ginger root†) itself includes a parenthetical phrase that the author has erred in not setting off with punctuation: â€Å"For that matter† is an interjection within the phrase â€Å"and ginger root.† The larger interjection should be set off by em dashes, though parentheses are also correct; commas will suffice for the one within: â€Å"The potato and, for that matter, ginger root is not a true root, but an underground stem.† (Note, too, that I altered the sentence’s plural construction to a singular one: Factually, ginger root is also an underground stem rather than a true root, but in the sentence as it is structured, because ginger root is within a parenthetical phrase, is and the nouns root and stem refer only to potato.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesWhen to Form a Plural with an ApostrophePeople vs. Persons

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Adverb (Adverbial) Clause Definition and Examples

Adverb (Adverbial) Clause Definition and Examples In English grammar, an adverb clause is a  dependent clause used as an adverb within a sentence to indicate time, place, condition, contrast, concession, reason, purpose, or result. Also known as an  adverbial clause. An adverb clause begins with a subordinating conjunction (such as if, when, because, or although) and usually includes a subject and a predicate. Writing With Adverb Clauses Building Sentences With Adverb ClausesPractice in Arranging and Punctuating Adverb ClausesPractice in Building and Combining Sentences with Adverb Clauses Examples and Observations The name adverbial suggests that adverbial clauses modify verbs; but they modify whole clauses, as shown by the examples [below]. Their other key property is that they are adjuncts, since they are typically optional constituents in sentences. They are traditionally classified according to their meaning, for example adverbial clauses of reason, time, concession, manner or condition, as illustrated below.(a) ReasonBecause Marianne loved Willoughby, she refused to believe that he had deserted her.(b) TimeWhen Fanny returned, she found Tom Bertram very ill.(c) ConcessionAlthough Mr DArcy disliked Mrs Bennet he married Elizabeth.(d) MannerHenry changed his plans as the mood took him.(e) ConditionIf Emma had left Hartfield, Mr Woodhouse would have been unhappy.(Jim Miller, An Introduction to English Syntax. Edinburgh University Press, 2002)This is the West, sir. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend.(newspaper editor to Senator Ransom Stoddart in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, 1962) All human beings should try to learn before they die what they are running from, and to, and why.(attributed to James Thurber)If Wilbur is killed and his trough stands empty day after day, youll grow so thin we can look right through your stomach and see objects on the other side.(E.B. White, Charlottes Web. Harper Row, 1952)Although the world is full of suffering, it is full also of the overcoming of it.(Helen Keller, Optimism: An Essay, 1903)The greatest thrill in the world is to end the game with a home run and watch everybody else walk off the field while youre running the bases on air.(Al Rosen, third-baseman for the Cleveland Indians, 1947-1956)Again at eight o’clock, when the dark lanes of the Forties were five deep with throbbing taxi cabs, bound for the theatre district, I felt a sinking in my heart. Forms leaned together in the taxis as they waited, and voices sang, and there was laughter from unheard jokes, and lighted cigarettes outlined unintelligible gestures in side.(F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 1925) The swift December dusk had come tumbling clownishly after its dull day, and, as he stared through the dull square of the window of the schoolroom, he felt his belly crave for its food.(James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 1916)Though we thumped, wept, and chanted We want Ted for minutes after he hid in the dugout, he did not come back.(John Updike, Hub Fans Bid Kid Adieu, 1960)As I ate the oysters with their strong taste of the sea and their faint metallic taste that the cold white wine washed away, leaving only the sea taste and the succulent texture, and as I drank their cold liquid from each shell and washed it down with the crisp taste of the wine, I lost the empty feeling and began to be happy and to make plans.(Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast, 1964)When I was coming up, I practiced all the time because I thought if I didnt I couldnt do my best.(Attributed to Herbie Hancock)And when the broken hearted peopleLiving in the world agree,There will be an answer, let it be.For though they may be parted there isStill a chance that they will seeThere will be an answer, let it be.(John Lennon and Paul McCartney, Let It Be) According to legend, when Lady Godiva pleaded with her husband, the Earl of Mercia, to cancel a burdensome tax he had levied against his subjects, he agreed to do so only if she rode naked through the city.(Jim Hargan, The City of Lady Godiva. British Heritage, January 2001)Experience is what you get when you didnt get what you wanted.(Randy Pausch, The Last Lecture, 2008) The Lighter Side of Adverbial Clauses I drank some boiling water because I wanted to whistle. (Mitch Hedberg)I generally avoid temptation unless I cant resist it. (Mae West, My Little Chickadee, 1940)If I ever opened a trampoline store, I dont think Id call it Trampo-Land, because you might think it was a store for tramps, which is not the impression we are trying to convey with our store. (Jack Handey, Deep Thoughts, 1992)

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Is time spent on the Internet valuable to students' interpersonal Research Paper

Is time spent on the Internet valuable to students' interpersonal relationships - Research Paper Example Following a survey conducted on college students to investigate the value of the time spent on the internet to their interpersonal relationships, this paper presents an analysis of the findings from the study. This study analyzes the levels of social anxiety in college students and its influence on their behavior on the internet. The findings depict a weak positive correlation between the use of internet and amount of time spent with friends and acquaintances. Introduction Communication through the internet, mainly social networking sites, has become a regular practice among internet users as computers and the internet have become part and parcel of daily life. The internet offers convenient means of establishing social contact with others as well as socially interacting with them. Internet interaction made possible by digital connection generates a situation where users bargain their time online while socializing. The spread of social media also enables users to navigate face-to-fac e and online relationships through online interactions. Many studies conducted regarding how internet use affects individual’s relationships socially have indicated a disparity in results. While some studies concluded that internet use formed new relationships and strengthened existing ones, others displayed that internet use contributed to a decline in the size of individuals’ social circles as time spent interacting on the internet lessened face-to-face interactions and Social activities. Easy access to internet facilities, especially due to increasing wireless internet in various places, is another factor which directly influences social relationships. Lately, a growing number of internet users access the internet from a wireless connection either at home, school or some restaurant. This shows that many internet users are mainly using mobile phones, laptops, tablets or other portable devices to check mail or browse the internet using cell phone networks of Wi-Fi hot spots. Some studies argue that those who depend on wireless access as a connection means build up different behaviors compared to their wired counterparts. Wi-Fi particularly makes integration of intensive internet use with the use of public space possible. Public spaces are a unique factor in the shaping and maintenance of social networks, democracy, and individual opinions. It is therefore pertinent to analyze how internet use affects interpersonal relationships and the value of this influence. The aim of this study is to investigate implications of internet use for college student’s interpersonal relationship. How valuable are these implications? This study uses questionnaires to establish the levels of anxiety among the college students and to conduct a detailed survey of the relationship between internet use and their interpersonal relationships. To gain knowledge of the intricate effects the internet has on social relationships, its critical to investigate how often the students use particular social networking websites and for what purposes. Specifically, this study analyses how these social networking websites are beneficial to the students’ lives in terms of enhancing their social relationships. Finally, this study also compares the use of social networking sites to other channels of interaction like phone calls, emails and text messages to establish the

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Globalization Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Globalization Strategies - Essay Example The simplest and easiest globalization strategy to implement is exporting. There are two types of exporting: indirect and direct export. When a company begins to use exporting to achieve globalization they implement indirect exporting. Indirect exporting involves the use of intermediaries to introduce a product into a foreign market. One of the disadvantages of indirect exporting is that the profits have to be shared with the intermediary. The second type of exporting strategy is direct exporting. Direct exporting can be implemented in several ways. Four ways to implement direct exporting are: Domestic based export department or division Overseas sales branch or subsidiary Traveling export sales representative Foreign based distributors or agents (Kotler, 2003). A second market entry strategy is licensing. Licensing is also considered a relatively easy way to achieve market penetration into a foreign marketplace. In a licensing agreement the licensor licenses a foreign company to use a manufacturing process, trademark, patent, trade secret, or other item of value for a fee or a royalty (Kotler, 2003). Due to the fact that a second party is involved in the process the profitability of this market entry strategy is lower than other options.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Reducing No Show rate in a tertiary care Hospitals Research Paper

Reducing No Show rate in a tertiary care Hospitals - Research Paper Example The research was undertaken by the use of a telephone interview, and found the reasons for no-shows among patients in different hospitals namely specialized women and children’s’ hospitals and the main hospitals The purpose of this research work is to come up with ways of reducing the rates at which patients fail to show up at hospitals for booked appointments with physicians. This paper shall look into the reasons why no-show rates are high. In addition to that, this paper shall investigate the methods of managing and reducing the no-show figures, so that the rate at which patients fail to show up for appointments can be kept low. This will be done with the aim of improving the quality of medical services provided and increasing the satisfaction of patients. The method preferred for the research work is the Six Sigma method. This method seeks to achieve an improvement in process output quality by pinpointing and getting rid of the factors that cause defects. In addition to that, the Six Sigma helps minimize viability in the processes of business. The no-show rate was calculated using the following formula: The statistics collected over the month of December 2012 indicated that the average percentage of outpatients who did not show up for consultation in hospitals was at 31%. When segmented, the rate of no-shows stood at 19.58% in the women- specialized hospital, 35.71% for the rehabilitation hospital, 30.7 % for the children-specialized hospital and 37.15 for the outpatients at the main hospital. The rates of no-shows in hospitals are very high, especially in the main and rehabilitation hospitals. The effects of no-shows on a hospital will continue to be felt for as long as there are no measures put in place to curb the rate at which patients fail to present themselves at the hospitals for their pre-booked appointments (Johnson, Mold &

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Definition And Scope Of Relationship Marketing Marketing Essay

Definition And Scope Of Relationship Marketing Marketing Essay This chapter aims to evaluate the theoretical opinions of different theorist towards relationship marketing (RM) based on the objectives of determining the definition and scope of RM as well as understanding the different determinants and strategies used in RM and understanding current academic and industrial views and opinions on the values and effectiveness of RM. 2.1 Definition and scope of Relationship Marketing Relationship Marketing (RM) has been defined by various theorists and each has given their respective viewpoints about RM. In order to simplify and understand RM, an analysis by Palmatier (2008) of some well-known definitions by various theorists is illustrated to narrow down and obtain the essence of what is RM. The analysis is based on two key aspects found in RM (e.g. Gronroos 1997; Sheth and Parvatiyar 2000). The first aspect deals with strategies across stages of the relationship lifecycle and thereby suggests that a relationship is a process that develops over time through typical strategies (Dwyer and Oh 1987; Wilson 1995). The second aspect is the scope of RM activities; as some definitions only include customer relationships, and others include relationships with different stakeholders such as internal departments, competitors, customers and suppliers. The table below illustrates the common RM definitions by different theorists and identifies the stages the respective defini tions cover as well as the scope of the definition. Definition Stages/ Strategies Scope Attract/ Create/ Establish Enhance/ Develop Maintain Customers only Stakeholders Attracting, maintaining, and enhancing customer relationships. Berry (1983, p. 25) RM refers to all marketing activities directed toward establishing, developing, and maintaining successful relational connections. Morgan and Hunt (1994, p. 22) To establish, maintain, enhance relationships with customers and other stakeholders, at a profit, so that the objectives of all parties involved are met, where this is done by mutual exchange and fulfillment of promises. Gronroos (1997, p. 407) Based on synthesis of 26 definitions of RM: organization engaged in proactively creating, developing and maintaining committed, interactive and profitable exchanges with selected customers [partners] over time. Harker (1999,p. 16) RM is the ongoing process of engaging in cooperative and collaborative activities and programs with immediate and end-user customers to create and enhance mutual economic value at reduced cost. Sheth and Parvatiyar (2000,p. 9) RM is a philosophy of doing business, a strategic orientation that focuses on keeping and improving current customers, rather than acquiring new customers. Zeithaml and Bitner (2000) As illustrated above in the table all definitions excluding Sheths and Parvatiyars have covered all the relationship lifecycle stages in their respective definitions of RM which are:- Establishing, is the stage of RM or marketing process of advertising and attracting new customers towards a brand or product, Little Marandi (2003). Enhancing is the process differentiating from competitors offerings where more attractive offers and benefits are offered to customers (e.g. sales and price drops), Coyles Gokey (2002). Maintaining is the extra effort taken by sellers to retain and ensure that their existing customers obtain continuous benefits from the product or service they have to offer (e.g. loyalty scemes), Morgan Hunt (1994). Morgan, Hunt and Gronroos have explained RM to cover the scope of not only customers but other stakeholders as well; however the scope of RM in this research study will only consider customers. Therefore the analysis of RM definition suggested for this research study is RM is a continuous marketing activity which involves establishing, enhancing and maintaining customers loyalty towards a certain product or service that is being offered by the seller involved. 2.1.1 Relationship Lifecycle The relationship lifecycle consists of the different stages (establishing, enhancing and maintaining) as aforementioned in the definitions of RM. Various RM theorists such as (Kotler, 2000; Jap Ganesan, 2000; White, 2000; Zineldin, 1996) illustrated the relationship lifecycle according to the respective stages and definitions of RM. Therefore the relationship lifecycle differs with additional stages in certain RM lifecycles by different theorists of RM (Little and Marandi, (2003: 69)). A suitable relationship lifecycle according to the agreeable definition of RM for this research study is illustrated below:- Figure 1 Relationship Lifecycle Source: Adapted from Little Marandi (2003) Relationship Marketing Management. The cycle above illustrates up to the stage of maintaining a customer relationship. However several definitions for example White (2000) Jap; Ganesan (2000) suggest that relationship lifecycle declines after the maintaining stage. Morgan Hunt (1994) argued that, due to carelessness in handling the relationship it may decline but there is also a possibility of the relationship between the buyer and seller remaining constant, in cases where customers are continuously rewarded for their loyalty towards a certain company or continue to perceive value, (Morgan and Hunt (1994:22); Little Marandi (2003:70)). 2.1.2 Understanding Perceived Value Baines, Fill and Page (2008) explains value is the customers estimate of the extent to which a product or service can satisfy their need. Customers determine a products value by considering alternative solutions and the costs associated with satisfying their need. For example if a customer is to purchase a shower gel, there will be many alternatives of purchase, however a customer will chose from a seller that provides additional value to its product, for example a 20% extra amount of the shower gel for the same price. Added value to a product such as, a good price, special offers, and good customer service will lead to high customer satisfaction, (Baines, Fill and Page (2008:672)). History of Relationship Marketing Research on the history of marketing suggest that marketing emerged in the beginning of the twentieth century, however there is no evidence as to when the theory of marketing actually emerged. During the industrial age, exchange occurred in the local markets, where farmers and craftspeople (producers) sold their products directly to end users. Producers represented both manufacturers and retailers, and embedded relationships between producers and consumers provided the trust and business norms necessary to conduct the transaction because few institutionalized protections existed, (Palmatier (2008:8)). Gronroos (1994) argues that RM is a paradigm shift in marketing from the previous concept of the marketing mix and the Four Ps of marketing (product, price, place place) which was introduced to the academic world in the 1950s by Neil Bordan. Groonroos also states that the marketing mix is a list of marketing variables that has become obsolete therefore the marketing academic occasionally offers additional Ps to the list, thus this proves that the marketing mix is very limited. Type of Model Theorist (Year) Scope 4Ps McCarthy (1960) Product, Price, Promotion, Place 5Ps Judd (1987) Product, Price, Promotion, Place, People 6Ps Kotler (1984) Product, Price, Promotion, Place, Political power, Public perspective 7Ps Booms Bitner (1981) Product, Price, Promotion, Place, Participants, Physical evidence, Process Source: Gummesson, E. (1994) Making Relationship Marketing Operational, International Journal of Service Industry Management. The changes in the marketing environment and the various factors that contributed to customer sophistication are; globalisation internationalisation of markets; continuous development of technology; increasing brand competitiveness among customers and fragmentation of media, Little Marandi, (2003). These factors have contributed a gap in the market which became a need for a new approach to retain customers, to gain their loyalty and to establish competitive approach. Therefore Gronroos (1994) states that RM can be said to be an evolved strategy to the marketing mix approach, which assists in obtaining sustainable competitive advantage and retain customers in the long run. However there is no evidence to when it was actually implemented but research by Palmatier (2008) suggest that RM emerged as a separate academic domain of marketing in the 1980s and it became more comprehensible in the 1990s from a historical perspective. Among those who were contributory in developing the concept of RM were Evert Gummesson at Stockholm University and Christian Gronroos at the Swedish School of Economics in the early 1980s (Gronroos (1994;4); Little Marandi (2003;11); Palmatier (2008;9). Effectiveness of Relationship Marketing Many theorists have researched on the subject and made different judgments on the effectiveness of RM, some of whom are Reichheld (1996) who argues that the smallest efforts in customer maintenance can increase company profit because it costs less to serve long-term customers; loyal customers will pay price premium as well as generate word-of-mouth recommendations to other potential customers. A study by Reinartz and Kumar (2000) claims that loyal customers cost less to serve and are usually willing to pay more for product varieties than non-loyal customers, as well as acted as word-of-mouth marketers for the company. While McKenna (1993) claims that long-term customer relationships helps gaining competitive advantage which leads to higher lifetime profit for firms. Correspondence of RM with other marketing concepts RM shares some similarities with other marketing concepts such as, customer relationship management (CRM) and brand equity. Williams (2006) defined CRM as an information industry term for software, and Internet capabilities that help an  enterprise  manage customer relationships in an organized way. While Payne Frow (2005) stated that CRM is a management approach that seeks to create, develop and enhance relationships with carefully targeted customers using the potential of information technology. Kotler Armstrong (2009) maintains that CRM involves building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction. It deals with all aspects of acquiring, keeping and growing customers. From the various definitions of CRM above Palmatier (2008) concludes that if RM is the skill of relationships, then CRM represents its application. Keller (1993) argues that brand equity represents different effects of brand knowledge on customer action, for example customers behave more favorably towards a product when they can identify the brand. While Rust, Lemon and Zeithaml (2004) maintain that brand equity is a product-centered concept that does not capture drivers of customer behavior completely. Although RM and branding activities similarly focus on building intangible customer assets that positively influence customer loyalty, purchase behaviors, or financial performance while reducing marketing costs, they differ fundamentally where branding focuses on products with extensions to firms whereas RM focusses on relationships and their extensions to firms. However the effect of brands and relationships on a customers attitude towards the firm is difficult to distinguish, Palmatier (2008). Strategies of Relationship Marketing A strategy is a senior managements plan of action with which the effort of the staff is coordinated, Waterman et al (1980). Little and Marandi (2003) argues that RM strategies assist to manage the assortment of the customer to ensure an even flow of profits in the long term, and to determine when relationships should be established, enhanced and maintained. As Groonroos (1996) points out, however, the essence of RM is in the organisations processes, rather than its planning. Little and Marandi (2003) illustrates the key strategies as follows; establishing relationships involves target marketing techniques and advertisement programmes that are able to communicate relevant value. It is also established by simplifying the service offer by giving clarity regarding the benefits and terms and conditions of payment and use as well as encouraging trial. Relationships with customers can be enhanced by differentiating among competitors offerings. Relationships are maintained by not neglecting existing and safeguarding the customers satisfaction with and trust in supplier. It is also done by communicating with customers for building successful long-term relationships, by fostering trust and creating customer satisfaction as well as rewarding loyalty as customers remain loyal for as long as the perceived benefits outweigh the perceived sacrifice. Determinants of RM Outcomes Several theorist have mentioned different determinants of lengthening the lifetime value of an existing customer, such as Olivers (1981) model of customer satisfaction suggests that quality of the product or service offered by the seller is one of the most essential to obtain customer satisfaction which will later attract the buyer to return and buy the same product again. Whereas Hennig-Thurau et al. (2002) proposes that loyalty benefits are essential to obtain customer long term relationship, as every giving expects a return, even customers expect their share of return after shopping from a particular seller. An example of a loyalty scheme is the loyalty card which helps hooking up customers to buy from a particular seller to obtain benefits such as discounts from that particular seller. Hennig-Thurau et al. also stated price, customer service and convenience as other factors that drive relationship marketing outcomes. The relationship between price and quality are parallel to each other. Customers are willing to pay extra to obtain better quality products, however customers naturally get attracted to lowest prices that offer a reasonable quality and quantity for the amount paid for. Another essential part of retaining an existing customer is during and after sale service. This gains customer trust and satisfaction as they are given the liberty and ease to exchange, return and obtain additional information about the product or service they purchased. Convenience created for customers such as a strategic location (nearby their housing arrears) and is accessible at any time makes customers to frequently return. Dibb et al. (2006) argues that CRM systems which uses technology that allows marketers to practice effective customer maintenance strategies by monitoring, rewarding and reminding them about goods and services, is a major factor for developing RM outcomes. Technology is also used to ease the process of buying for customers, for example, having an online site that allows customers to purchase, refund, review and complaint at anytime and anywhere and having self-service cashier machines at stores and etc. Humby et al. (2007) also recognize product range as a determinant because it influences daily and frequent business transactions, which also influences the convenience factor aforementioned. Outcomes of Relationship Marketing RM determinants that are applied in a certain company to eventually obtain outcomes that bring an overall increase in the profit margin of a company, Little and Marandi (2003). These outcomes are classified into two key main RM outcomes that lead to customer loyalty which are trust and commitment, Morgan Hunt (1994). Trust is defined as willingness to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence, Rotter (1967). The literature on trust argues on the confidence of the buyer towards the seller which results from the firm believed to be reliable and has high integrity and is responsible for their actions, Morgan Hunt (1994). Commitment is the variable believed to be central in distinguishing social from economic exchange, Cook Emerson (1978). For a company to achieve commitment from a customer is the most challenging task, as customers are vulnerable towards better quality and price offered elsewhere. To be able to maintain a committed relationship with a customer a firm has to keep updated with attractive return benefits for customers to continuously shop from them, Little and Marandi (2003). The commitment and trust theory (Morgan Hunt, 1994) suggests that RM can be achieved if customer satisfaction is exceptionally high. Customer satisfaction is achieved when all the determinants of RM are applied and practiced well by the firm. Highly satisfied customers will increase customer loyalty as well as spread the word of mouth to their circle of communication which gives a high possibility of attracting new customers. Demographic factors influencing Relationship Marketing Demographic factors such as age, gender, income, location, occupation and education are used to target consumers for marketing purposes, Schmidt Spreng (1996). Consumer behavior differs by demographic factors as Gaurav (2008) argues that significant gender difference in the trust loyalty relationship shows that women are significantly more loyal than men at higher levels of trust. Klein and Ford, (2003) maintained that the age of consumers is positively linked with knowledge and experience, such that older consumers could be more committed than younger consumers. According to Kotler et al. (2009) place or location of a business entity influences the type of target customers it attracts as well as the convenience it delivers to the consumers. Aforementioned demographic factors, such as gender, age and place are clearly linked to RM and therefore are used for this study. Criticism of Relationship Marketing Although there are many marketing theorist supporting the RM concept, however the subject is not without its critics. Blois (1998) has criticized RM by stating that developing a relationship inevitably results in some loss of control over matters such as resources, activities and intentions. Blois continues his argument by stating that a relationship is subject to continuous change, with an uncertain future which is determined by its history, current events and the parties expectations of future events. Other than that effort is required to build and maintain a relationship. This can be viewed as an investment and a maintenance cost. Moreover there is always a need to prioritize the use of limited resources and, hence, it may not be possible to pursue all of the individually attractive opportunities. Additionally, some relationships may be irreconcilable with an existing relationship. Reinartz Kumar (2005) adds that although some companies are happy with the results of their RM prog rams, yet they are unable to identify precisely the factors that explain such success, Summary The literature review enclosed different definitions of RM by various theorists which all proposed three different stages of RM which are establishing, enhancing and maintaining relationships; and the scope of RM which focuses upon stakeholders or customers only, however this analysis will only take customers into consideration. It then continued to discuss on the strategies used by RM which explains tactics to manage the relationship across the different stages of RM aforementioned, which are establishing, enhancing and maintaining relationships. It also includes view and opinions of different theorists regarding the effectiveness of RM. Followed by the views of theorists about the determinants of RM which lead to a discussion on several theorists views and opinions on how a seller-customer relationship is build. In order to test the opinions of the theorists between the relationship of RM determinants, customer satisfaction and word or mouth marketers four hypotheses are drawn out which are illustrated in Figure 2. An overview of the literature review is summarized in Figure 3. Figure 2 Hypotheses drawn from RM statements by theorists Figure 3 Process of Relationship Marketing The effectiveness and values of RM were further elaborated by discussing the relationship lifecycle and customers perceived value which explained the criteria of RM as well as the importance of having it and how do customers perceive it. Although some theorists claimed it as effective others such as Blois condemned the effectiveness of RM.