Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare - 1174 Words

â€Å"If you are sure you understand everything that is going on, you are hopelessly confused† (Walter F. Mondale, 42nd Vice-President of the United States). The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, written by William Shakespeare, is a classic piece of literature in which the characters’ actions alone contribute to one’s understanding of the entire story. One such character is known as the fair Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover. Ophelia is naive, malleable, and muddled. Throughout the play, Ophelia is seen as an oblivious maiden who is just another role in the story. However, as the play progresses, the audience begins to uncover more and more about who she really is, and her character begins to develop. Ophelia is easily tricked into doing her father’s†¦show more content†¦Immediately after a traumatizing experience where Hamlet abuses Ophelia and declares that he never loved her, she cries, â€Å"That unmatched form and feature of blown youth bla sted with ecstasy. Oh, woe is me, t have seen what I have seen, see what I see!† (3.1.133). Ophelia is so remarkably naive that she can not even begin to comprehend why Hamlet is so unbelievably hard to understand. She is distraught and lost in an endless whirl of tragedies and it is too much to handle. She is devastated at the thought of Hamlet not loving her. Perhaps she was just too ingenuous to envision the truth for herself. As time goes on, she grows more and more aware of everyone’s true intentions, maturing to a more independent and self-assured young woman. But when her father is killed abruptly, Ophelia snaps. She is driven to insanity that leads her to despair, jumping into a river thus, drowning herself. As Gertrude tries to explain to Laertes of his sister, Ophelia’s, death and she states, â€Å"There with fantastic garlands did she come of crowflowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples [...] down her weedy trophies and herself fell in the weeping brook† (4.7.235). Even just a few moments before she drowns she is collecting flowers just like an adolescent young woman. While at the beginning and end of the play Ophelia is seen as naive, in between she presents a different personality. In addition toShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1427 Words   |  6 PagesWhy has Hamlet’s rage led him to a death that was destined to happen? Simple, his absolute motive was to seek revenge for the death of his father, who was once the King of Denmark. In this tragedy, Hamlet wanted to put on this image of an insane man. This would mislead the people around him from his intentions of killing King Claudius, who is strangely his uncle and â€Å"father† simultaneously. Claudius takes the throne for Denmark after pouring poison down King Hamlet’s ear without leaving any evidenceRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1483 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet is a misfortunate play that exhibits Prince Hamlet’s internal and external conflicts which show the ultimate purpose of the story. Revenge is perhaps the greatest theme in Hamlet, and is shown by the conflicts Prince Hamlet has w ith his family, friends, and a girlfriend as well as within his self. The anguish Hamlet feels towards his new father and his mother is magnified by the discovery that they were both involved in his father, the king’s, murder. ThisRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1131 Words   |  5 PagesTragedy, according to American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, is a drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances. In William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, tragedy is no short supply. Shakespeare takes the reader on a journey of epic proportions through the struggles and conflicts, internal andRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1543 Words   |  7 Pagesplay, The Tragedy of Hamlet, seems to have a domino effect. As Hamlet tries to get his reve nge, he brings ruin upon the kingdom. Hamlet is self-doubtful; he doubts himself to a point where he does not know what is true in his life. He constantly contradicts himself, causing many people, whose death was unintended, to die. In Williams Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet, in order to portray Hamlet’s tragedy, Shakespeare uses soliloquies, metaphors, symbolism, and anti-thesis. Shakespeare utilizesRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1604, William Shakespeare finished one of the most famous plays of revenge in English history. This play has left a plethora of questions, most left unanswered even after the hundreds of scholars who have analyzed it. The complexity and multiple facades of the characters, the use of many themes, and the symbols in this play have been construed into a delicate tale; Shakespeare purposely left out many details in order to shroud this piece in mystery. In The Tragedy of Hamlet, Shakespeare s vagueRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare2594 Words   |  11 PagesJulian A tragedy is a dramatic work that is about a character whose tragic flaw leads to his downfall and to the demise of many of the other characters. William Shakespeare was a playwright during the Elizabethan Era who was made famous for his literary works of tragedies, comedies and sonnets. One of Shakespeare?s most renowned tragedies is Hamlet. In this classic tragedy the protagonist, Hamlet, pursues revenge and seeks justice against the antagonist, Claudius, for the murder of King Hamlet. As aRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1146 Words   |  5 Pages How certain can one be that they will see tomorrow? How certain can one be that they will see the next second? In William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet, all of the characters face uncertainty at some point in the story. The character of Hamlet is, for lack of a better term, a laggard; he procrastinates like no other, making him an uncertain character in his entirety. His most famous line is â€Å"To be , or not to be? That is the question.† The entire scene is about Hamlet’s uncertainty about suicideRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s, The Tragedy of Hamlet, each character stands out in unique ways. Madness is one of the crucial themes as Shakespeare depicts the chaotic turbulence in the Hamlet family and the court of Denmark. Though she is generally read as a minor character, Ophelia’s madness reveals the struggle of the female character that attempts to have a voice of her own. Ophelia’s life certainly seems tragic based on Aristotle s definition of tragedy, which says that â€Å"A tragedy is the imitationRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay1829 Words   |  8 PagesThe tragedy of Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare is one of the best tragedies ever written. The term hamartia, coined by the philosopher Aristotle in his writing Poetics, can be d efined as â€Å"tragic flow,† to miss the mark â€Å"leading to a mistake† (American Heritage Dictionary). Aristotle points out that: tragedy is an imitation not only of a complete action, but of events inspiring fear or pity as well as the tragic hero must not be an utter villain or a perfect man, but he must be, then: theRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1931 Words   |  8 Pages William Shakespeare is an English Poet known for his famous dramatized writings. Shakespeare was born in the United Kingdom in April. Here are some of his legendary texts: â€Å"Macbeth†, â€Å"Julius Caesar†, and â€Å"Hamlet†. â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet† was written during the sixteenth century and was performed in 1609. Shakespeare writes this tragedy to reveal the roles of women during the Middle Ages. Back then females were referred as noblewomen and were expected to do the following: run households, take care

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Symbolism In Cast Away - 1114 Words

â€Å"I’m so sad that I don’t have Kelly. But I’m so grateful that she was with me on that island. And I know what I have to do now. I gotta keep breathing. Because tomorrow the sun will rise. Who knows what the tide could bring.† In the movie Cast Away Tom Hanks plays the role of Chuck Noland an executive for Fed Ex who is obsessed with time. Chucks plane crashes over the Pacific Ocean during a storm leaving him stranded on an island. Chuck has to face many challenges through the years physically, mentally, and emotionally. Kelly his girlfriend is his biggest motivation for staying alive. Chuck eventually builds a raft and is rescued, only to find out that everything back home has changed. The theme of Cast Away is about learning to be†¦show more content†¦After realizing that he would not be rescued anytime soon Chuck starts to think about survival. Another person’s body who was on the plane floats onto the island as well as some Fed Ex p ackages. Chuck takes the person’s shoes and buries the body, I think Chuck does this because he knows he will need shoes in order to survive on the island. Chuck also starts to open some of the packages something he would have never done if it weren’t for necessity. Chuck becomes very grateful for the thinks in boxes like the flashlight, the volleyball, and the ice skates. All of those items contribute to him surviving on the island. The setting of the movie shows us the difference from Chuck not being appreciative or grateful to later actually valuing things. When Chuck is still in Memphis the only thing he cares about is time and living by the clock. Chucks lifestyle seems very busy giving little to no time to enjoy what is happening around him. When he is on the island the only noises we hear are those of nature, everything is very peaceful and quiet. Often times we see Chuck sleeping in a cave when it is raining or on the sand. All of the things he once had back in Memphis which he probably didn’t appreciate like a bed or a roof above his head are gone. Kelly’s character helps us realize how unappreciative Chuck was about their relationship. Chuck was at a family Christmas dinner with Kelly when he got a phone call about having to leave to fix aShow MoreRelatedBiblical Allusions in Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery1444 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as sin, Jesus saving Mary, Jesus dying on the cross, and more. Making each statement count in her short story to touch the reader, she uses variety approaches of literary device to help conduct the allusions that she is implying. Using names, symbolism, and flashbacks, Jackson is tries to almost become identical to a few different events within the Bible. First off, in order to understand the biblical allusions that are strongly expressed through Jackson’s literature within â€Å"The Lottery†, oneRead More1994 George Orwell Dramatic performance analysis1455 Words   |  6 Pagesof Tom Parsons and Syme create an interesting feel to the play. Once they are killed off or ‘evaporated’, they appear in a number of different roles such as guards in the Ministry of Love or policemen arresting Winston and Julia. This double use of cast members creates a simplistic feel that stops the play from becoming overcrowded and complicated. Julia’s role in the performance plays a significant part, as she is the only female present throughout the play. Her personality screams hope forRead MoreThe Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas Literary Analysis1697 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short stories â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas† by Ursula Le Guin and â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift, the authors use literary criticism so the reader can dissect the many different literary elements such as symbolism and vivid ironic imagery that help explain the parallel theme going on in both stories. To achieve a world with peace throughout and reach a state of utopia some moral and ethical decay will take place. Both stories have social issues that test the citizens moral andRead MoreThe Museum Of Glass Art Movement999 Words   |  4 Pagescalled Provider II. It is a cast glass-lost wax process piece with ceramic and reverse painting on plate glass. The cast glass-lost wax process is a complex glass sculpting process which Palusky describes as both tedious and time consuming, albeit well worth the effort. A wax sculpture is encased in several layers of clay, then the wax is steamed out and the clay form is filled with glass and fired. After a period of time, sometimes months, the clay form is gently broken away to reveal the glass sculptureRead MoreApocalypse Now By Francis Ford Coppola1073 Words   |  5 Pagesuses the river to symbolize this dissent into madness. The further up the river the crew got, the more dehumanized they became. Even Coppola’s choice of title Apocalypse Now screams what this movie is about. This symbolism accompanied by perfectly paired music and camera angles that often cast shad ows strongly show the madness of war. Coppola expresses the decline into insanity in stages. In this first stage, there is still have plenty of light and very few shadows. This stage represents the dehumanizationRead MoreAnalysis Of Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 866 Words   |  4 Pagesthe true form of her to be shown, albeit only to Dimmesdale and Pearl. Through her actions, Hester has used this location to tear away the shackles of Puritanical expectation and define who she really is by the only laws that matter, nature’s. The forest continues the attempt by Hester and Dimmesdale to flee the strict laws of the Puritans when they discuss running away together. In this instance, the forest serves as a setting for escape into nature. During this discussion, the sky â€Å"forth burstRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1575 Words   |  7 Pagesdo to you that would cause you to commit murder? Could you get away with it? Montresor is the murderous narrator who has committed the perfect murder in just such a tale, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† Montresor plots and kills an unwary friend/foe during carnival time for motives that are unclear. The author of this tale, Edgar Allan Poe, influenced by his somewhat tragic life and one of the most influential Gothic writers, uses symbolism and irony to show the multitude of complicated motives of theRead MoreSymbolism Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter882 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter was a novel written in the 1850 s by a man named Nathaniel Hawthorne. Throughout the Scarlet Letter he uses scads of literary devices. The literary devices are there to give the novel more depth. The main device he uses in the novel is symbolism. Hawthorne uses the symbolism to make an object have more than one meaning. Three of the elements he uses as symbols are the scarlet letter, Pearl, and the forest. These symbols are seen differently by theRead MoreAnalysis of Hawthrone ´s The Mminister ´s Black Veil Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesthe veil into the grave. The big, unsolved mystery, however—that remains unsolveable for both the reader and the townspeople—is why the veil? Hawthorne leaves this open to interpretation, but in his typical fashion, leaves a likely opening for symbolism. â€Å"And lo! On every visage a black veil!† says Reverend Hooper, pointing to a possible explanation: that he is representing something that all people harbor with a physical manifestation—the veil. Black Veil 1 But what could he be representingRead MoreSymbolism in The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas and Sur by Guin1519 Words   |  7 Pages Guin’s Symbolic Meanings Symbolism is commonly used by authors that make short stories. Guin is a prime example of how much symbolism is used in short stories such as â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† and â€Å"Sur.† In both of these stories Guin uses symbolism to show hidden meanings and ideas. In â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† there is a perfect Utopian city, yet in this perfect city there is a child locked in a broom closet and it is never let out. A few people leave the city when they

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Understand Your Fats and Fibers Free Essays

Dr. Joseph F. Robare Bad tats are saturated and trans tats. We will write a custom essay sample on Understand Your Fats and Fibers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Saturated tats are mostly in meats, dairy products and tropical oils. Saturated fat raises both bad cholesterol and good cholesterol, while trans-fat only raises bad cholesterol. This makes trans fats technically worse than saturated fats. The better fats would be monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. Monounsaturated will lower your cholesterol, and unlike polyunsaturated they do not lower your good cholesterol. Your best fats would be the omega-3s (fish oil). This fat has shown to protect people from sudden cardiac death (Schardt,2002). Before you can understand the difference between good and bad fats, you need to some information about them. There are four major types of fats: monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, saturated fats, and trans-fats. Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats are known as good fats because they are good for your heart, your cholesterol, and your overall health. These fats are found in olive, soybean, canola, and corn oils, avocados, fatty fish, and soymilk. Saturated fats and trans-fats are known as bad fats because they increase your risk of disease and elevate cholesterol. These bad fats can be found in high-fat cuts of meat, packaged snack foods, butter, cheese, vegetable shortening, fried foods, and candy bars. Foods containing trans-fats, or trans fatty acids, are harmful because they are known to increase the risk of heart disease, increase total cholesterol levels, and cause your healthy HDL (good) cholesterol levels to drop. They are also responsible for clogging arteries and causing obesity. Saturated fat is a fat that contains only saturated fatty acids, is solid at room temperature, and comes mainly from animal food products. Some examples of saturated fat are butter, lard, meat fat, solid shortening, palm oil, and coconut oil. Saturated fat tends to raise the level of cholesterol in the blood. Unsaturated fat is a fat that is liquid at room temperature and comes from a plant, such as olive, peanut, corn, cottonseed, sunflower, safflower, or soybean oil. Unsaturated fat does not to raise the level of LDL (‘bad’) cholesterol in the blood. Trans-fatty acids are an unhealthy substance that is made through the chemical process of hydrogenation of oils. Hydrogenation solidifies liquid oils and increases the shelf life and the flavor stability of oils and foods that contain them. Trans-fatty are acids found in vegetable shortening and in some margarine, crackers, cookies, and snack foods. Trans-fatty acids are also found in many deep-fried foods. Trans-fatty acids raise the ‘bad’ (LDL) cholesterol and lower the ‘good’ (HDL) cholesterol levels in blood, increasing the risk of heart disease. Trans-fatty acids are also known as trans-fat. Hydrogenated fats are saturated-like fats made from plant oils and fats that have been heated and pressure-processed. Hydrogenated fats are created when oil that is largely unsaturated, such as corn oil, has hydrogen added to it, causing fat to become more solid at room temperature. Lipids include such compounds as fats, fatty acids and cholesterol. Their most prominent function is providing energy for the body. Fiber and lipids are two different kinds of carbohydrates that are very important parts ofa human’s diet. Fiber is what carries fats and cholesterol out of the body. It also helps in having a healthy diet and will help in managing your weight. Fiber is considered to be in the soluble and insoluble. Soluble fiber is a type of fiber in which the dissolves in the water to form a gel like material. This process can help lowering cholesterol and the levels of glucose in the human digestion. Soluble ?ber is tound in oats, peas, beans, apples, citrus, truits carrots, barley and psyllium. (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2010). Insoluble fiber cannot be bsorbed as well as dissolved in the water; in its original form, it will pass the digestive tract. Insoluble fiber has benefits in the digestive system. Insoluble fiber offers many benefits to intestinal health, including a reduction in the risk and occurrence of colorectal cancer, hemorrhoids, and constipation (My Food Diary). Some good sources of insoluble fiber and they are whole wheat in bread, rice, nuts as well as some vegetables. How to cite Understand Your Fats and Fibers, Papers

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Analysis and ploicy Tom Ltd and Jerry Ltd

Questions: 1.Calculate the following ratios for Tom Ltd and Jerry Ltd ensuring you show your formula and workings? 2.Write a report commenting on the performance and position of Tom Ltd and Jerry Ltd. Include a summary table of the results you have used in your discussion? 3.With reference to your ratio calculations, comment on the importance of identifying accounting policy choices when comparing ratios for entities, or when comparing ratios for a single entity over time? Answers: 1. Return on assets = EBIT / Total assets Tom Ltd Jerry Ltd = $65,000 / $410,000 = 15.9% = $75,000 / $310,000 = 24.2% Return on Equity = Profit available to shareholders / Equity Tom Ltd Jerry Ltd = $55,000 / $330,000 = 16.7% = $65,000 / $230,000 = 28.3% Profit Margin = Net profit / Revenue Tom Ltd Jerry Ltd = $55,000 / $300,000 = 18.3% = $65,000 / $300,000 = 21.7% Current Ratio = Current assets / current liabilities Tom Ltd Jerry Ltd = $110,000 / $30,000 = 3.7 = $110,000 / $30,000 = 3.7 Assets Turnover = Net Sales / Total assets Tom Ltd Jerry Ltd = $300,000 / $410,000 = 0.7 = $300,000 / $310,000 = 1 Debt Ratio = Total liabilities / total assets Tom Ltd Jerry Ltd = $80,000 / $410,000 = 0.2 = $80,000 / $310,000 = 0.3 (Khan, Jain, 2005) Question One Part b 2. A summary of ratios for both companies Tom Ltd and Jerry Ltd is given below: Ratio Tom Ltd Jerry Ltd Return on assets 15.9% 24.2% Return on equity 16.7% 28.3% Profit margin 18.3% 21.7% Current ratio 3.7 3.7 Asset turnover 0.7 1.0 Debt ratio 0.2 0.3 Performance of Tom Ltd and Jerry Ltd The performance of a company is measured by its profitability and efficiency ratios. The profitability ratios included in the above table are return on assets, return on equity and profit margin. Asset turnover is the efficiency ratio. Jerry Ltd has a higher profitability as compared to Tom ltd as all the profitability ratios for the company is higher. This is majorly because of one expense that is the depreciation expense which is higher for Tom Ltd. ad this expense has made all the difference. The net profit of Tom Ltd. is less. Jerry Ltd has a higher return on assets ratio because it has higher earnings before tax and expenses and also lower total assets. Tom Ltd has taken the fair value of the property, plant and equipment. This reflects a higher value of the non current assets, thus increasing the total assets. Also the depreciation has been applied on this fair value of property, plant and equipment, thus giving higher depreciation expenses. Therefore, Tom Ltd has lower net profits and higher total assets leading to a low return on assets. Tom Ltd has a lower return on equity due to lower net profits available to its shareholders and also a higher value of the equity. This coupled effect has reduced the return on equity for Tom Ltd. whereas Jerry Ltd. has a higher return on equity due to higher net profits and a lower equity value. This means Jerry Ltd is providing higher returns to its shareholders. Jerry Ltd has a higher profit margin due to increased net profit. The revenue for both the companies is the same. As a result of difference in the net profit, the profit margin is different for both the companies. Jerry Ltd. gives higher returns on its sales. Jerry Ltd. has a better assets turnover ratio. This is because it has lower total assets. Jerry records its assets at the historical cost due to which the total assets appear lower on the balance sheet. For Tom Ltd. the assets are recorded at fair value which is higher than the historical cost, thus the total assets value appears higher for Tom Ltd. on the balance sheet. The revenue for both the companies is the same. A higher assets turnover ratio means that the company is able to utilize its assets efficiently in generating sales. With lower total assets, Jerry Ltd. is able to generate the same amount of revenue as Tom Ltd. thus indicating better utilization of assets to generate sales. Thus from the above analysis of the profitability and efficiency ratios, we see that Jerry Ltd. ahs a better performance in both the categories. The difference in the performance is solely based on the difference in the accounting policies of depreciation and recording of fixed assets in the balance sheet. Position of Tom Ltd and Jerry Ltd The financial position of the company is measured through the liquidity and the solvency ratios. In the above table, current ratio is the liquidity ratio and debt ratio is the solvency ratio. The current ratio measures the short term liquidity of the company. It measures if the company has sufficient current assets to pay for its current obligations. Both the companies have the same current ratio. The current ratio of both companies is 3.7. This means the current assets are 3.7 times the current liabilities. This shows high liquidity of both the companies. Both companies have enough current assets to pay for their current liabilities, thus making them highly liquid. The ideal current ratio is 2. The debt ratio is a long term solvency ratio and measures the ability of a company to pay for its assets with its liabilities.(John, Subramanyam, Halsey, 2007) 3. Ratio analysis is majorly used by firms to analyse the performance and also for making financial performance comparisons between two companies. However, there are certain limitations of ratio analysis. One such limitation is on account of the use of different accounting policy being used by the two firms in question. Like in the above case, though both the firms are identical in all their revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities but the only difference lies in the accounting policy relating to measurement of fixed assets of plant property and equipment. The firm which records the fixed assets at the historical cost has recorded the asset at the lower value since the fair value of the asset is higher as per current market prices. Hence, the value of fixed assets of Tom Ltd. is higher than Ltd. This has affected the profit through depreciation charges. The depreciation is calculated on the carrying values of the plant and machinery. Tom Ltd. has higher depreciation charges because of high value of the same assets as possessed by Jerry Ltd. therefore the profits of Tom Ltd. have been reduced by that amount. Also both the companies use different deprecation methods. Jerry Ltd uses diminishing value method of depreciation and Tom Ltd. uses straight line method. Under diminishing method of depreciation, higher depreciation charges are applied in the initial years and lower in the later years. Under straight line method, same percentage of depreciation is applied every year. Due to this difference in accounting policy, the depreciation charges differ for both the companies, and they have a direct impact on the profits. This affects the financial performance of the companies.(Alayemi, 2015) Even for a single firm, ratio analysis may yield misleading results for two years where accounting policy has been changed over the years. Lets say if the company has changed its accounting policy on measuring the companys plant and machinery from historical cost to the fair value. This will have two effects, first a change in the value of fixed assets appearing on the balance sheet and the change in the depreciation charge which will directly impact the profits. Thus both financial performance and the financial position ratio results will change for the same company. Thus ratio analysis cannot be applied for companies using different accounting policies as for the same revenue and profits, the performance results may vary. References Alayemi, S.A., (2015), Choice of Accounting Policy: Effects on Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements, American Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, Vol.1, No.3 John, J.W., Subramanyam, K.R., Halsey, R., (2007), Financial Statement Analysis, 9th edition, New Delhi, Tata McGraw- Hill Khan, M.Y., Jain, P.K., (2005), Basic Financial Management, second edition, New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill